The term ‘Web 3.0’ was first coined by John Markoff of the New York Times in 2006, while it first appeared prominently in early 2006 in a Blog article written by Jeffrey Zeldman in the “Critical of Web 2.0 and associated technologies such as Ajax”.

The following attributes are going to be a part of Web 3.0:

Tailor made search: Web 3.0 will make our task of searching easier & faster by not drowning us in a zillion of meaningless results. It’ll provide you a direct answer to your queries as if you are asking it to a consultant who is a through professional in his domain. Suppose an Australian tourist landed in Mumbai, India. Something like this is going in her/his mind: “I want to go to the nearest hill station, it must be safe & secure without any bomb blast history, (We all want security, why mock them for their security obsession) stay in a budget hotel, (thanks to recession!) have some Chinese food in a good restaurant just after arrival there, watch a newly released Hollywood block buster in the night. What are my options?”

Almost, a simple daily-life query. Isn’t it? But present days Search Engines may require you to break this query into 6 or 7 sub queries and explore each of them one by one by drowning yourself into their ocean of links. S/he may need to invest more than 2 hours or so to find out her/his options.

Web 3.0 attempts to lessen your woes as you don’t need to type multiple queries. You can type the whole query of the above example. The Web 3.0 Info Agents will ensure that you get your answers in an organized way.

Contextual Search: More or less same as tailor made search with a little difference. In above example of Australian tourist query there are few keywords to note to explain contextual search. These are without any bomb blast history, budget hotel.Current search engines will interpret these words by exactly matching them in their search.

Here’s a gap, you may have noticed! For a human brain, the words without any bomb blast could mean good law and order. Similarly a budget hotel means relatively cheaper hotel. The Web 3.0 Info Agents will feel the gap as it would interpret your query & will answer more like a evolved human brain. The Info Agents will collaborate to deduce best possible answer for your query i.e. deductive reasoning at the machine level.

Personalized Search: The Web 3.0 technologies will be intelligent enough to read & understand your personal preferences. Every web user will have her/his Unique Web Profile based on her/his browsing history. What does this mean? Suppose, you are a vegetarian and you’ve queried for “Which restaurant should I visit for lunch”. Your colleague sitting besides you, who love mutton biryani, have queried the same.
What will happen? Both of you will get a different answer/search results based on your respective Web Profile (i.e. preferences). This is personalization. Critics may claim it’s an attack on your privacy!

Interoperability: Web 3.0 applications attempts to be easy to customize & device independent, i.e. can run on all sort of Computers, Hand-held devices, TVs, automobiles, Microwaves, Cloths or whatever. Pervasive Web is the term used to describe this phenomenon where web is reaches to a wide range of devices.

Transforming the Web into a Big Database: Experts believe Data records can be published in a remotely query able design, which means it will be openly available and linkable as web pages. This may lead to application integration. I am not so sure about its implementation but I assume the implementation will be something like if you’ve an Orkut account you can safely access the Facebook database to find your friend and view his details. Perhaps no need to register with dozens of Social Networking web sites to keep up with your friends. Or is my assumption too optimistic and unattainable?

Evolution of 3D Web: After the massive application of 3D in gaming softwares, the 3D technology will be heavily integrated in future applications to make you experience the virtual world, be it a visit to Agra to virtually experience the world famous Taj-Mahal or be it experiencing the mad rush hour traffic of Mumbai local trains. Welcome to the virtual world, right at your desk!

Web 3.0 will perhaps lead to an explosive growth in number of SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) applications. The W3C defines SOA as “A set of components which can be invoked and whose interface descriptions can be discovered and published”. Let me simplify it: Suppose I develop an application to convert meter to centimeter. I’ll call this application conversion-service and host it somewhere on the web. Another programmer sitting in some corner of the world can easily discover and consume my service by just writing a simple client application. No need to write the conversion logic again. A Plug-and-Play environment!

Web 3.0 standards. Here is list of some:

netvibes.com
justin.tv
spock.com
freeset.com
twine.com
netflix.com
mybloglog.com
friendfeed.com
joost.com
wink.com
last.fm

By Manvesh Sathe

Source by http://seofreelancingindia.wordpress.com/2010/04/24/web-1-02-03-0/

SEO is a major part of the internet marketing. Due to the rising popularity of internet marketing, career in SEO has become a piece of hot cake these days. If someone desires to build his/her career in SEO, there is much more to achieve in the future as well. so, let’s have a look at the ten different aspects of becoming a good SEO expert.

* For a good SEO expert, it is very important to understand the needs of the client first. It means that he/she should be able to visualize the target of his/her clients.

* An SEO expert must have a wide knowledge base. It means that he/she should have knowledge about different sectors, like healthcare, electronics, insurance, telecommunication, etc.

* For an SEO expert it is important to understand the needs of the targeted customers. He/she should work in the way, which can attract the targeted customers to the website.

* A good SEO expert must have sound knowledge of content usage. He/she must understand the importance of content for SEO. Therefore he/she must have proper skills of keywords, tags, Meta tags, etc.

* Good writing skills are a must for an SEO expert. He/ she must be able to guide the writers and should be able bring out the mistakes.

* Along with writing skills, a good SEO expert must also have sound analytical skills. He/she should be able to crack down tough situations to make it easier.

* Since the game revolves around the world of internet, therefore it is mandatory that the person must be internet savvy. He/she must have deep knowledge of internet.

* SEO experts must have deep knowledge and understand of the search engines. Different search engines have different terms & conditions and requirements. Therefore a thorough knowledge of each and every search engine is quite important.

* Along with the use of keywords, it is also important to understand the value of back links and images. Back links are of great importance, and images are loved by the search engines. Therefore, he/she must respect the requirements of the search engines

* The most important thing that is required in this field is smartness and tactfulness. It means that an SEO specialist must be able to improvise according to the situation, but off course in the right way.

By Manvesh Sathe

Source by: http://www.ayushkumar.com/how-to-become-expert-seo-specialist

how google works

Note: While reading this post please review the image side by side.

How Google search engine works:

Most of Google is implemented in C or C++ for efficiency and can run in either Solaris or Linux.

In Google, the web crawling (downloading of web pages) is done by several distributed crawlers. There is a URLserver that sends lists of URLs to be fetched to the crawlers. The web pages that are fetched are then sent to the storeserver. The storeserver then compresses and stores the web pages into a repository. Every web page has an associated ID number called a docID which is assigned whenever a new URL is parsed out of a web page. The indexing function is performed by the indexer and the sorter. The indexer performs a number of functions. It reads the repository, uncompresses the documents, and parses them. Each document is converted into a set of word occurrences called hits. The hits record the word, position in document, an approximation of font size, and capitalization. The indexer distributes these hits into a set of “barrels”, creating a partially sorted forward index. The indexer performs another important function. It parses out all the links in every web page and stores important information about them in an anchors file. This file contains enough information to determine where each link points from and to, and the text of the link.

The URLresolver reads the anchors file and converts relative URLs into absolute URLs and in turn into docIDs. It puts the anchor text into the forward index, associated with the docID that the anchor points to. It also generates a database of links which are pairs of docIDs. The links database is used to compute PageRanks for all the documents.

The sorter takes the barrels, which are sorted by docID and resorts them by wordID to generate the inverted index. This is done in place so that little temporary space is needed for this operation. The sorter also produces a list of wordIDs and offsets into the inverted index. A program called DumpLexicon takes this list together with the lexicon produced by the indexer and generates a new lexicon to be used by the searcher. The searcher is run by a web server and uses the lexicon built by DumpLexicon together with the inverted index and the PageRanks to answer queries.

By Manvesh Sathe

source by: http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html

So the first thing to do when analyzing how usable a site is should be to make sure people are able to easily find their way around no matter which page they first landed on. When it comes to huge websites, breadcrumbs can be a great way to help users identify where they are located.

Breadcrumb navigation is wonderful for usability and for SEO. This text-based navigation shows where in the site hierarchy the currently viewed web page is located and your location within the site, while providing shortcuts to instantly jump higher up the site hierarchy. If the breadcrumb contains text links with relevant keywords in the anchor text, that is a significant SEO benefit.
Breadcrumbs show people their current location relative to higher-level concepts, helping them understand where they are in relation to the rest of the site.
Breadcrumbs afford one-click access to higher site levels and thus rescue users who parachute into very specific but inappropriate destinations through search or deep links.
Starting from this November, Google is integrating breadcrumbs navigation within the SERPs which actually makes your listing look more attractive and trustworthy

There are “Path breadcrumbs” that are dynamic and show the path that the user has taken to reach a page; “Location breadcrumbs” that are static pages located in the website hierarchy, and “Attribute breadcrumbs” that give information on the category of the current web page.

Example :- Home >> Battery Chargers >> 12 Volt >> Solar

By Manvesh Sathe

Following are the different ways for doing Off Page Optimizations:-

• Directory Submissions
• Social Bookmarking Submission
• Blog Posting
• Blog Commenting(including do follow blogs )
• Article Submission
• Press Release Submissions
• Forum Posting
• Social Networking Sites (Twitter, Facebook etc)
• File Sharing Sites
• Video Sharing Sites
• Photo Sharing Sites
• Free Classifieds Submission Sites
• Profile Creation on Business Networking sites (Xing,Linkedin etc.)
• Link Building
News Release submission

If I skip any category, please help me out.

By Manvesh Sathe

:- Actually dynamic URL confuses the search engines and cause them to miss possibly important information contained in the URL, and thus preventing you from getting the expected ranking.

:- The other strong reason for dynamic URL rewriting would be the increase in usability for web users, and in maintainability for webmasters. Clean URLs are much easier to remember. A regular web surfer will find hard to remember a URL full of parameters, not to mention that they would be discouraged by the idea of typing, one character at a time, the entire URL. And they could also mistype it, and not get to where they wanted.

:- Due to length of dynamic URL, it is possible for webmasters to make mistakes too during maintenance sessions, usually resulting in broken links.

:- Another issue is that dynamic pages generally do not have any keywords in the URL.Google has 40-50% of those with the keyword either in the URL or the domain; Yahoo shows 60%; and MSN has an astonishing 85%!

:- A search engine wants to only list pages its index that are unique. Search engines decide to combat this issue by cutting off the URLs after a specific number of variable strings (e.g.: ? & =).

For example, let’s look at three URLs:

http://www.somesites.com/forums/thread.php?threadid=12345&sort=date

http://www.somesites.com/forums/thread.php?threadid=67890&sort=date

http://www.somesites.com/forums/thread.php?threadid=13579&sort=date

All three of these URLs point to three different pages. But if the search engine purges the information after the first offending character, the question mark (?), now all three pages look the same:

http://www.somesites.com/forums/thread.php

http://www.somesites.com/forums/thread.php

http://www.somesites.com/forums/thread.php

Now, you don’t have unique pages, and consequently, the duplicate URLs won’t be indexed.

Solutions:-

:- There are a few popular ways to pass information to your pages without the use of a query string, so that search engines will still index those individual pages.

 Method 1: PATH_INFO
 Method 2: .htaccess Error Pages
 Method 3: The ForceType Directive

:- If you are hosted on a Linux server, then you will want to make the most of the Apache Mod Rewrite Rule, which is gives you the ability to inconspicuously redirect one URL to another, without the user’s (or a search engine’s) knowledge. You will need to have this module installed in Apache; for more information, you can view the documentation for this module here. This module saves you from having to rewrite your static URLs manually

:- Please use “dash” instead of “underscore” sign in URL between two or more words.

By Manvesh Sathe

1) Non text elements:
The crawler cannot crawl images, flash, videos so to crawl that it uses alternative text given to it.

2) Dynamic URL:
The different dynamic URLs for the same content create the issue of indexing same page for more than 1 URL and in turn PageRank dilution.

Example: Try to avoid the use of? , =, session id like characters.

3) Hidden text and links:
Hiding text or links in your content can cause your site to be perceived as untrustworthy since it presents information to search engines differently than to visitors. Text (such as excessive keywords) can be hidden in several ways, including:
• Using white text on a white background
• Including text behind an image
• Using CSS to hide text
• Setting the font size to 0

Hidden links are links that are intended to be crawled by Googlebot, but are unreadable to humans because:
• The link consists of hidden text (for example, the text colour and background colour are identical).
• CSS has been used to make tiny hyperlinks, as little as one pixel high.
• The link is hidden in a small character – for example, a hyphen in the middle of a paragraph.

If your site is perceived to contain hidden text and links that are deceptive in intent, your site may be removed from the Google index, and will not appear in search results pages.

4) Cloaking:
Cloaking refers to the practice of presenting different content or URLs to users and search engines. Serving up different results based on user agent may cause your site to be perceived as deceptive and removed from the Google index.
Some examples of cloaking include:
• Serving a page of HTML text to search engines, while showing a page of images or Flash to users.
• Serving different content to search engines than to users.

5) Use top-level domains:
To help us serve the most appropriate version of a document, use top-level domains whenever possible to handle country-specific content. We’re more likely to know that http://www.example.de contains Germany-focused content, for instance, than http://www.example.com/de or http://de.example.com.

6) Place important content outside dynamically generated pages:
A dynamic page is one created on-the-fly based on choices made by the site visitor. This method of page generation works fine when the visitor is thinking human. (Or even a relatively thoughtless human.) But when an index robot hits such a site, it can generate huge numbers of pages unintentionally (assuming robots ever have intentions), sometimes crashing the site or its server. The Google spider picks up some dynamically generated pages, but generally backs off when it encounters dynamic content.

7) Don’t use splash pages:
Splash pages, (which Google calls doorway pages) are content-empty entry pages to Web sites.

10) Keep your link structure tidy:
A site map (or sitemap) is a list of pages of a web site accessible to crawlers or users. The search engines will naturally index your sitemap, so its a great place to put all you important internal links so that they get picked up and indexed appropriately.

11) Broken links:
Crawlers don’t like resources that link to broken or not existing web pages. So try and keep all you links organized and of course don’t link to forbidden/spam content – this will not add you good standing.

12) Frames:
Most major search engines simply don’t support frames and if you include frames in your web pages you simply be ignored by crawler which is really petty.

Please think on these terms during your website development and design.

By Manvesh Sathe

Web 2.0″ was originally coined by O’Reilly Media in 2004.
A Web 2.0 site allows its users to interact with each other as contributors to the website’s content, in contrast to websites where users are limited to the passive viewing of information that is provided to them. Examples of Web 2.0 include web-based communities, hosted services, web applications, social-networking sites, video-sharing sites, wikis, blogs, mashups, and folksonomies.
Technically, Web 2.0 is an idea:-“Web as Platform“, where software applications are built upon the Web as opposed to upon the desktop. The unique aspect of this migration is that “customers are building your business for you“.

Web 2.0 is not an advertising platform, but a platform where users control their own data and from which scalable services are offered. Web 2.0 is about services rather than packaged software and it is about offerings compatible with many devices (mobile phones, portable gaming consoles, different internet browsers, etc.)

Web 2.0 websites allow users to do more than just retrieve information. They can build on the interactive facilities of “Web 1.0″ to provide “Network as platform” computing, allowing users to run software-applications entirely through a browser. Users can own the data on a Web 2.0 site and exercise control over that data. These sites may have an “Architecture of participation” that encourages users to add value to the application as they use it.

Web 2.0 by example:-
Web 1.0 Web 2.0
DoubleClick –> Google AdSense
Ofoto –> Flickr
Akamai –> BitTorrent
mp3.com –> Napster
Britannica Online –> Wikipedia
Personal websites –> blogging
evite –> upcoming.org and EVDB
Domain name speculation –> Search engine optimization
Page views –> cost per click
Screen scraping –> web services
Publishing –> participation
Content management systems –> wikis
Directories (taxonomy) –> tagging (“folksonomy”)
Stickiness –> syndication

By Manvesh Sathe

Yahoo! was founded in 1994 by David Filo and Jerry Yang as a directory of websites. Name of yahoo web crawler :- “Slurp “. Yahoo SLURP evolved from Inktomi SLURP.

Requirements for ranking your site on Yahoo Search engine:-

• The title of your website must contain your major keywords. The title is the biggest ranking factor of Yahoo’s raking algorithm!

• The description you give when submitting to yahoo web directory should include your major keywords, however don’t try to repeat them too much. Very important step.
• Click Popularity is part of Yahoo’s Algorithm, Google doesn’t put much on that to determines one website ranking. The more visitors click on your website from Yahoo SERP’s, the more you’ll get close to the Top Ranking.
• The category you are listed in Yahoo Web Directory should (if possible) contain some keywords. This plays a little with the ranking.
• Site-wide linking:- Its a choice you have to make, you can get one link per domain in order to rank well on google search engine but you can also get a lot of site-wide linking from other site, Yahoo loves it.
• Site Wide Links: Site A is linking from every page to site B, links are placed on all subpages of site A.
• Some people on internet say that Yahoo uses Page rank from Google as part of its algorithm. Web sites you see appearing in Yahoo SERP’s TOP 10 have sometimes Page Rank and sometimes not. Page Rank is only used for Google search engine ranking and it’s affiliates.
• Yahoo! places greater weight on on-the-page content than a search engine like Google does.
• Yahoo! seems to be more about text matching when compared to Google, which seems to be more about concept matching.
• Yahoo! is pretty good at crawling sites deeply so long as they have sufficient link popularity to get all their pages indexed. One note of caution is that Yahoo! may not want to deeply index sites with many variables in the URL string.
• Yahoo! is still fairly easy to manipulate using low to mid quality links and somewhat to aggressively focused anchor text.

Yahoo’s  SLURP :-

• Yahoo SLURP 2.0 stores the full text of the page it crawls in its memory and then returns to Yahoo’s searchable database.
• Yahoo SLURP, however,does daily crawls in order to refresh the content on their indexed dynamic pages. It also does bi-weekly crawls which enables the search engine to discover new content and add it to its website incrementally.
• SLURP may never deliberately crawl your dynamic pages, unless you trigger the crawler via techniques which Yahoo encourages (to the benefit of their bottom line).
• Yahoo SLURP also has the ability to support frames, although it will not follow the SRC tag links to stand alone framesets; it only follows the HREF tags.
• The first strategy is good old linking; just get a link on a site on which Yahoo! regularly crawls, and voila. You have SLURP knocking on your door. This can be done by corresponding with a site which ranks well on Yahoo, or by submitting your web site to directories which SLURP regularly crawls (you can find these by searching for “directories” on Yahoo). If SLURP deep crawls (crawls lots of pages instead of just one or two) your site regularly, you have a high chance of getting a good ranking on the key word or topic for which you have optimized your site.

By Manvesh Sathe

When you search engine optimize a website, you not only write optimized — keywords-centric — content for that website, you also fine-tune the meta tags and insert the missing attributes. There are many tags the search engines use to evaluate how your website should fare.

Content Writing Tips:-

1. The starting paragraph of the article has to show the introduction to the up coming paragraphs and also the behind the whole article topic. In most of the articles it will be very useful for you if you start the article with the question based on the topic of the article.
2. Organization of the article is very important and the organization includes the proper formatting and designing of writing the contents. You can write the whole article in one paragraph or you can also arrange the headings to make each of the paragraphs very distinctive and very much organized. The relevancy of the points should be carefully handled and the reader can analyze the distinction of the paragraph from the very first line.
3. The ultimate of the reader is to provide the convenience to the readers and therefore, for doing so there are many things that need to be considered. Therefore, always use the very simple words and the straight forward language so that the average of the people can be able to understand the language.
4. It will be very better for you to use the headings as the paragraphs consisting of few lines are understandable.
5. The authenticity of the text should be also considered because giving the wrong information to the readers can give the negative impact to the website. Therefore, make that sure that all of the information is very authentic.
6. Inclusion of the examples and the other tool can be very useful for making the write up more solid.
7. Tell all of the important information to the reader and in the case of the selling of the products; never forget to tell the buying process and tips.
8. Give the link websites for the further information o the readers. In this way you can save the time of the reader and can get the positive image in the market.
9. Always provide the easiness to the readers because such practices are not only beneficial for the reader but also for the writer.

By Manvesh Sathe